Thinking and Learning

If you want to be strong and healthy， you must pay attention to the following. First， you should get enough sleep， and do morning exercises every day. Have meals at regular time and do not hurry when you eat. Remember to sit straight when you read and write. Breathe in as much fresh air as you can. When you come home from school， go out into the open air and play for an hour or so. Keep your body clean. Have a cold shower every morning. Wash your hands before meals.

If you do all these above， you will be strong and healthy.

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There are many reasons for animals dying out， but the most important one is the part that humans have played. First， many animals have been killed for food. Second， many of the places where animals used to live have been destroyed. Wet land has been turned into field. More and more trees in the forests have been cut down， but few trees are planted. Much land has either been changed into agricultural land or used for building factories and houses. Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death of some of the animals.

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Sports keep us fit land fresh. Everybody likes to do one kind or another. But not all people know how to do them correctly and sometimes the advice we got may be wrong.

I’m lucky， for since my first day at school I have always had a good teacher of physical education. I have always been very strong.

I go swimming almost every day all the year round， of course I like many other sports too. I am thinking of taking part in a few items at the school sports meeting this autumn.

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Nowadays it is not unusual for many students to find part-time jobs. During the past winter holiday， I worked as a waiter at a McDonald.

I used to keep on asking my parents for money. It is the first time that I’ve earned money， so I was quite excited. Now I can buy whatever I need without asking others for money. From my working experience， I found it’s a great preparation for the world outside schools. I understood not only the value of money but also the way of getting along with others. What’s more， I have got some working and social experience. It’s good for my future work. In a word， I’ve had a wonderful vacation.

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Manners are important to happy relations among people. No one likes a person with bad manners. A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble. Instead， he tries to offer help. When he asks for something， he says “please” and when he receives something， he always says “thanks”。 He does not interrupt other people when they are talking. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When he sneezes or spits， he uses a handkerchief. As a sutdent， it is a bad manner to come late to class. If you are late you should say “I’m sorry.” to the teacher at the time or after class.

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No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. On one hand， advertising greatly promotes sales. On the other hand， in their efforts to tell people about products and events， advertisers provide us with great amount of the latest information. Radio， television and computer have made it possible for advertisers to attract the attention of millons of people. Therefore， it has become part of our daily life. Meanwhile， to make an advertisement， a lot of people will work together on it. So with the development of advertising a lot of jobs are being provided.

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Epilepsy

Definition

Epilepsy is a brain disorder involving recurrent seizures.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Epilepsy is a disorder involving repeated seizures of any type. Seizures (”fits”) are episodes of disturbed brain function that cause changes in attention and/or behavior. They are caused by abnormal electrical excitation in the brain.

Sometimes, seizures are related to a temporary condition, such as exposure to drugs, withdrawal from certain drugs, or abnormal levels of sodium or glucose in the blood. In such cases, repeated seizures may not recur once the underlying problem is corrected.

In other cases, injury to the brain (e.g., stroke or head injury) causes brain tissue to be abnormally excitable. In some people, an inherited abnormality affects nerve cells in the brain, which leads to seizures. In some cases, no cause can be identified.

Some of the more common causes of seizures include:

Read the rest of this entry »

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After two years he is still free from the disease which had spread to his lymph nodes and one of his lungs.
Doctors took cells from the man’s own defence system that were found to attack the cancer cells best, cloned them and injected back into his body, in a process known as “immunotherapy”.
Experts said that the case could mark a landmark in the treatment of cancer.
It raises hopes of a possible new way of fighting the disease, which claims 150,000 lives in Britain every year.
Ed Yong, health information manager at Cancer Research UK, said: “It’s very exciting to see a cancer patient being successfully treated using immune cells cloned from his own body. While it’s always good news when anyone with cancer gets the all clear, this treatment will need to be tested in large clinical trials to work out how widely it could be used.”
However, the treatment could prove extremely expensive and scientists say that more research is needed to prove its effectiveness.
Genetically altered white blood cells have been used before to treat cancer patients but this is the first study to show that simply growing vast numbers of the few immune cells in the body to attack a cancer can be safe and effective.
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Normally there are too few of the cells in a patient’s body to effectively fight cancer.
Dr Cassian Yee, who led the team at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre in Seattle, said: “For this patient we were successful, but we would need to confirm the effectiveness of therapy in a larger study.”
The work raises hopes that this approach could not only offer a more effective treatment for skin cancer, or melanoma, which kills around 2,000 people in Britain alone, but be applied to other cancers too.
The patient was one of nine with metastatic melanoma, that is skin cancer that has spread, who were being treated in a recently completed clinical trial to test bigger and bigger doses of their own white blood cells.
Larger, more elaborate, trials are now under way.
Almost 9,000 new cases of melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, are diagnosed every year in Britain, and nearly 2,000 patients die from the disease.
Prof Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK’s chief clinician, said: “This is another interesting demonstration of the huge power of the immune system to fight some types of cancer.
“Although the technique is complex and difficult to use for all but a few patients, the principle that someone’s own immune cells can be expanded and made to work in this way is very encouraging for the work that Cancer Research UK and others are carrying out.”
Immunotherapy, in which a patients own immune cells are used to treat cancer, is a growing area of research that aims to develop less-toxic treatments than standard chemotherapy and radiation.
Because cancer occurs when the body’s own cells grow out of control, the immune system only responds weakly.
The ability of the body’s own defences to tackle cancer in this case is all the more remarkable because most deadly feature of the disease is its ability to colonise other parts of the body, when it becomes much more difficult to treat.
A dramatic example of immunotherapy was reported two years ago by one pioneer of the field, Dr Steven Rosenberg of the US National Cancer Institute, who eradicated cancer from two dying men using genetically modified versions of their own cells.
Both Mark Origer and “Thomas M” were suffering from advanced melanoma but the hope is that such methods could be customised to attack other common cancers, notably breast, colon and lung.
Dr Rosenberg told The Daily Telegraph the new work is an “interesting study that helps to confirm the effectiveness of cell transfer immunotherapy for treating cancer patients. We have now treated 93 patients with metastatic melanoma using their own anti-tumour cells with response rates up to 72 per cent.

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It has been suggested that the involvement of specialist nurses may be of importance in the coordination of the treatment of cancer (Fitzsimmonset al., 2005). We hypothesised that specialist
nurses are of particular importance for patients with cancer of the oesophagus and other upper gastrointestinal cancers. This hypothesis is based on circumstances that are typical for these
tumours: (1) The prognosis is generally poor. In oesophageal and pancreatic cancer it is worse than any other tumour (Berrino et al., 1999). (2) The diagnostic procedure is complex. It is crucial to establish the tumour stage reliably, since this
determines the choice of treatment. (3) The treatment is demanding. Extensive surgery is usually required to offer any chances of cure (Enzinger and Mayer, 2003). This surgical treatment, especially in oesophageal cancer, carries a
substantial risk of severe complications (Viklund et
al., 2006) and of long-term impairment of the quality of life (Viklund et al., 2005). (4) Patient management is concentrated to a few hospitals. Since it has been proven that high-volume surgery for oesophageal and pancreatic cancer substantially improves the survival (Birkmeyer et al., 2002; Birkmeyer et al., 2003), these patients are now being concentrated to fewer hospitals. In view of the complex, multidisciplinary and increasingly centralised care pathway of these patients, and since these patients in general often suffer considerably both from their tumour symptoms and from psychosocial problems involved in the awareness of their newly diagnosed cancer (Winterlinget al., 2004), it is important to ascertain optimal
care, qualified coordination and continuous
support. To improve the care of the increasing number of patients with cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract at our department, a specialist nurse was employed. This nurse was appointed as the contact person for support of patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer, and was given the responsibility
to plan their care pathway. Some investigations that addressed specialist nurses in the treatment of cancer have shown promising results (Moore, 2004; Amir et al., 2004; Koinberg et al., 2004; Mooreet al., 2002; Smith and Waltman, 1994; Rawl et al.,2002; Cox and Wilson, 2003; Loftus and Weston, 2001; Booth et al., 2005), but this has not been evaluated with regard to patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers.

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INGREDIENTS
1c. all-purpose flour, 1 egg, 2 scallions, a dash of salt
METHODS
1. Pour the flour into a big bowl,add 1/2 c.boiling water, mix well and then add 2T. oil and some cold water, knead to make a dough, and
place for 10 minutes.
2. Divide the dough into 5 portions, roll out into a pancake about 6
inches in diameter. Heat a frying pan, add a litte oil, fry pancake until opaque. Remove from heat.
3. Beat egg, add some chopped scallions and salt, mix well and fry
the egg mixture with some oil, cover with a pancake,then flip over
and roll up, cut into several pieces,then serve.

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